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an important part in the program. All the
papers were published by Pergamon Press
in two volumes available about one year
after the Congress. The Congress included
an exhibition with 28 booths showing
vacuum equipment from continental
Europe and from overseas.
The Fourth International VacuumCongress
was held in Manchester at the Renold
Building of the Manchester University Institute
of Science and Technology on 17-20 April
1968. The Congress was organised by the
Joint British Committee for Vacuum Science
and Technology. L. Holland was Chairman
of the Organising Committee. The Congress
was attended by 578 previously registered
persons from 27 different countries. There
were also a number of day registrants. This
number fell somewhat short of the 800 people
anticipated. The Congress fee was 27 GBP
(Pounds Stirling). The Congress program
included 161 papers, of which 25were invited,
covering all aspects of Vacuum Science
and Technology. The greatest number of
contributions were on vacuum deposition of
thin films, measurement of total and partial
pressure, and the sorption and desorption of
charged and uncharged particles.
The Fifth International Vacuum Congress
was held in Boston on 11-15 October 1971.
L. E. Preuss was General Chairman of the
Organising Committee, J. H. Singleton
was Chairman of the Program Committee
and M. H. Hablanian was Chairman of
the Local Arrangements Committee.
The American Vacuum Society’s newly-
formed Surface Science Division initiated
the First International Conference on Solid
Surfaces (ICSS) in conjunction with this
Congress. The ICSS was co-sponsored
by the International Union of Pure and
Applied Physics (IUPAP) and C. B. Duke
was Conference Program Chairman, with
T. E Madey as the Conference Secretary
and B. Park the Proceedings Editor. The
introduction of this separate conference
was to highlight the fact that a very large
component of the papers at this “vacuum”
congress were associated with the study
of surfaces. In addition, the organisers
recruited world leaders in surface science
to participate, thus establishing the AVS
and the IUVSTA as active organisations
within this new field. Subsequently, the two
meetings, IVC and ICSS, have always been
held jointly. Proceedings of both meetings
were published in The Journal of Vacuum
Science and Technology in 1972.
The Sixth International Vacuum Congress
and Second International Conference on
Solid Surfaces were held in the International
Conference Hall in Kyoto on 25-29 March
1974. H. Kumagai was the General
Chairman of this event. He was assisted by
G. Tominaga, General Secretary, and two
Program Chairmen, Y. Tuzi, for the Vacuum
Congress, and T. Toya, for the Solid Surfaces
Conference. The Congress was attended
by approximately 900 scientists and engi
neers from 32 countries. More than 350 of
the participants were from overseas. A total
of 508 scientific papers were presented in
57 sessions.
The papers were almost equally divided
between vacuum and surface science but
more than half of the 62 invited papers
were on solid surfaces. Proceedings of the
meetings were published in two volumes,
with a total of nearly 1800 pages, in a
supplement of the Japanese Journal of
Applied Physics in 1974.
The Austrian Vacuum Society together with
the Austrian Research Centre Seibersdorf
GmbH and the Technical University of Vienna
were responsible for the organisation of the
Seventh International Vacuum Congress
and Third International Conference on Solid
Surfaces held in Vienna. The meetings were
held in the Hofburg Congress Centre on
12-16 September 1977. Dr. Kirchschläger,
Federal President of the Republic of
Austria, opened the Congress. Over
1,300 participants from 38 countries
attended the meetings. R. Dobrozemsky,
as Secretary General of the Congress,
was responsible for the coordination of the
work of the Local Organising Committee,